Effect of practicum experiences on pre-professional physical education teachers' intentions toward teaching students with disabilities in general physical education classes / Efeito de experiências práticas nas intenções de professores de educação física não capacitados para ensinar, na escola regular, alunos com deficiência

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of practicum experiences on pre-professional physical education teachers' intentions toward working with individuals with disabilities. Pre-professional physical education teachers were students in their respective university's PETE programs and were categorized based on level of practicum experience. Over a three year period, a total of 596 PETE students completed the Physical Educators' Intention toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities (PEITID) questionnaire (Rizzo, 2007). Significant differences were found among groups for overall intention to teach students with disabilities in their general physical education classroom. Additionally, trends of more positive intentions among pre-professionals with greater practicum experiences lead to higher Quality of Experience and Perceived Competence. The results of this study indicated that the level and quality of practicum experience significantly influence pre-professional teachers' intentions and competence toward teaching individuals with disabilities. (138 words).

O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar o efeito de experiências práticas nas intenções dos professores de educação física não capacitados com relação ao trabalho com pessoas com deficiência. Participaram da pesquisa professores de educação física matriulados como estudantes em programas de capacitação (PETE) em suas respectivas universidades, categorizados com base no nível de experiência prática. Num período de três anos, 596 alunos PETE preencheram o questionário PEITID - Physical Educators' Intention toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities (Rizzo, 2007). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos que tinham a intenção de ensinar alunos com deficiência em turmas regulares de educação física. Além disso, as intenções mais positivas entre os professores não capacitados com mais experiência prática se relacionam com a maior Qualidade de Experiência e Competência por eles Percebida. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que o nível e a qualidade da experiência prática influenciaram significativamente nas intenções dos professores não capacitados e na competência para o ensino de pessoas com deficiência.

The evolution of emergency medicine in Jamaica / La evolución de la medicina de emergencia en Jamaica

Emergency Medicine in Jamaica has evolved rapidly over the past 20 years and has gained recognition as a specialty. A residency training programme has been established, trademark life support courses are now available, moves to develop areas of sub-specialization have begun and an emergency medicine association has been formed. There has been an increase in the diagnostic modalities in the main teaching institution, the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI). There is an urgent need for improvements in pre-hospital care. This will require the development of an efficient Emergency Medical Service (EMS). More emphasis and attention is required on disaster medicine, toxicology and trauma. Increased training of emergency physicians and nurses, advances in academia and research, and greater advocacy by local emergency physicians will further advance the specialty.

La medicina de emergencia en Jamaica ha evolucionado rápidamente en el curso de los últimos 20 años, y ha ganado reconocimiento como especialidad. Se ha establecido un programa de entrenamiento de residencia, y existen en la actualidad cursos comerciales en soporte de vida, se han iniciado movimientos para desarrollar áreas de sub-especialización, y se ha creado una asociación de medicina de emergencia. Ha habido un aumento en las modalidades de diagnóstico en la principal institución docente - el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (UHWI). Existe una necesidad urgente de lograr mejoras en el cuidado pre-hospitalario. Esto requerirá el desarrollo de Servicios Médicos de Emergencia (SME) eficientes. Se requiere más énfasis y atención a la medicina de desastre, toxicología y trauma. El aumento de entrenamiento de médicos y enfermeras de emergencia, los avances en la academia y la investigación, y una mayor defensa de los médicos de emergencia local, contribuirán al ulterior progreso de la especialidad.

Tratamiento de las complicaciones hemorrágicas vinculadas a la hipertensión portal / Treatments of bleeding complications related to portal hypertension

La hipertensión portal es responsable de las principales complicaciones de la cirrosis y la hemorragia digestiva por rotura de várices esófago-gástricas es consecuencia directa de la misma. Gracias al desarrollo de nuevos fármacos, técnicas endoscópicas y quirúrgicas, incluido el traspalnte hepático, las estrategias de tratamiento de esta complicación han evolucionado en los últimos 20 años. En esta revisión se analizan y presentan los principales datos y conclusiones al respecto, considerando las siguientes situaciones: profilaxis primaria, hemorragia digestiva en curso, profilaxis secundaria.

An Apgar score of three or less at one minute is not diagnostic of birth asphyxia but is a useful screening test for neonatal encephalopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between an Apgar score of three or less at one minute of life and the subsequent risk of developing neonatal encephalopathy (NE). DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: The principal maternity hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal, a low income country, where over 50% of the local population deliver. METHODS: All liveborn infants over a 12 month period with a birthweight of 500 g or more were assessed by the Apgar scoring system at one minute of age. All term infants with neurological abnormalities presenting in the first day of life were systematically examined and described according to a conventionally defined encephalopathy grading system. Major congenital malformations and neonatal infections were excluded. RESULTS: Over 12 months there were 14,771 total births of a weight of 500 g or more of which 14,371 were live births and 400 were stillbirths. Of 734 infants with 1 min Apgar of three or less, 91 developed NE. The positive and negative predictive values of 1 min Apgar of three or less for NE were 11.4% and 99.9%, respectively. The probability of developing NE rose from 0.6% (amongst all infants born at this hospital) to 11.2% (amongst infants born with a one minute Apgar of three or less). CONCLUSIONS: An Apgar score of 3 or less at one minute is a useful screening test for clinically significant birth asphyxia (NE). It overestimates by eight fold the scale of the birth asphyxia problem, but identifies a high risk group requiring further observation of their neurological condition.